Common Abbreviations

al = aluminum
br = brass
bz = bronze
ch = center hole as made
cu = copper
c/o = cut out
c/s = counterstamp
gi = gilt
ham = holed as made
hfs = holed for suspension
hs = horseshoe shape

hx = hexagonal
l = lead
lam = looped as made
ni = nickel
n/d = no denomination
oc or oct = octagonal
ov = oval
pest = tin pest (white fuzzy stuff)
pl = plated
rd = round
rect = rectangular

rwb = red, white & blue
sc = scalloped
sc = signed, maker
scrs = scratches
si = silver
sig = signature
sq = square
tr = triangular
wm = white metal
zn = zinc
(fef) = Fankhauser (encased cent)